丘与邱
很久以来都很奇怪爸爸为什么写自己的姓氏是‘邱‘而不是‘丘‘。 可是我们从小到大都是用‘丘’啊?今天是清明节,我们到祖先的墓祭拜师才注意到祖先们用的也是‘邱’。这下我可彷徨了,写了二十几年的 ‘丘‘如今要我改去‘邱’,真得很难以接受啊!爸爸和叔叔都有自己的说法,可是我们还不确定该不该相信,所以我决定今天来查个清楚。
以下是根据网络记载的一些资料:
邱姓其实就是丘姓,先有姓丘的再有姓邱的。在清雍正皇帝的时候,为了避孔子的讳,把丘字右边加了一个耳朵旁,就成了邱字。所以姓邱的和姓丘的其实是同姓。
关于丘姓:
1、出自姜姓,为姜太公的后裔。西周初年,太师吕尚(姜姓,吕氏,名望)因辅佐武王灭商有功,被封于齐,建齐国,都营丘(今山东淄博市东北旧临淄),号称齐太公,俗称姜太公。其子孙中后有以地(营丘)为氏的,称为丘氏。史称丘姓正宗。 姜太公又是炎帝的后代 ,故此支丘氏乃炎帝子孙也。
2、出自姒姓。夏帝少康时,封其小儿子曲烈于鄫(今河南省柘城县北),至周灵王时,为莒国所灭,其子孙去邑为曾氏,其后分支中就有以丘为氏。此为曾、丘联宗之说。
3、出自妫姓,以地为氏。春秋时,陈国(开国君主是胡公满)有宛丘,邾国(传为颛顼后裔挟所建,曹姓)有弱丘,居者皆以"丘"为氏。
4、出自他族改姓。如汉代少数民族乌桓族有丘氏。南北朝时,北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳后,有鲜卑族复姓丘林氏、丘敦氏改为汉字单姓丘氏。 这几支以丘为姓的宗族,后来大多数都改了邱姓。满清入关以前,这个家族大多是以"丘"(古时的"丘"与"邱"通用)为姓的,一直到清雍正皇帝时,才由于避讳孔子的名号,而下令把"丘"一律改为"邱"姓。民国初,近代诗人邱逢甲倡议复丘姓本字,他首先将本人姓名写 作丘逢甲,闽、粤邱姓族人也纷纷响应改邱为丘,但仍有不少邱姓人继续沿用邱字。结果现在的邱姓人士随处可见,而以丘为姓的人反而不多了。(http://www.globalsino.com/family/qiu030100.html)
1.邱姓名人最早早不过雍正之前,因为到清雍正皇帝时,才由于避讳孔子的名号,而下令把"丘"一律改为"邱"姓。
2.明代无邱姓人,今天我们看到很多明朝人姓邱其实都是姓丘,他们由姓丘变为姓邱是由于《明史》是清朝乾隆时命人编写的,所以为避孔子名讳硬是把丘姓都改成了邱姓。而历史的真实是这些生活在明朝得人从未把自己的姓氏改为邱。当然,清朝人也把之前其他朝代姓丘的人硬改成姓邱,如把唐朝诗人丘为改成邱为,把金代的丘处机改成邱处机,等等。
依据历史唯物主义和姓氏学中关于改姓的传统惯例及确认原则:改姓应是生活在某一历史时间的某个人的行为或某些人的行为,或者是生活在同一历史时间的几个人之间的行为,并且改姓只影响后人不影响前人。也就是说,姜太公的一个儿子甲改姓为丘,并不影响姜太公姓姜,而甲的儿孙就要继承父亲姓丘了。
丘姓改为邱姓是雍正所为,依据以上所述,但他的下诏改姓客观上只能影响跟他同时的丘姓人和他之后的丘姓人,而不影响雍正朝之前的人,也就是说雍正朝之前姓丘的人不会从棺材里蹦出来并把自己的姓改成邱。所以雍正,雍正时的清朝人以及雍正以后的清朝人主观上故意把姓丘的前人改为姓邱是不符合历史事实的,是站不住脚的。当然,雍正朝的丘姓人和雍正朝以后的丘姓人若是遵雍正诏改姓为邱则是符合实际的,合乎历史规律的。
所以,历史的实情是,雍正朝之前只有姓丘的人,《明史》中的明代邱姓人在世时皆姓丘,不可能遵雍正诏令改姓邱。雍正时的清朝人和雍正朝以后的清朝人将雍正朝之前的丘姓人改姓为邱是不符合历史事实的,是站不住脚的。
3.因此,现在写到雍正朝以前丘姓人的名字时,一定要注意从历史的实际出发,不能把丘写成邱。即使现在的邱姓人引用丘姓的历史名人,也要如实引用,不能犯历史唯心主义的错误。
4.总之,丘与邱同宗同祖,本为一姓,至清雍正时,丘姓多改为邱姓(可能有未改仍姓丘的),古老的丘姓遂分为丘,邱两姓。清亡后,部分邱姓恢又复为丘姓。所以有了今天丘姓,邱姓并存的局面。(http://mem.netor.com/wjx/frame.asp?id=102&name=%E9%82%B1)
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